The
Present State of Korean Education
In
Korea
Kim, Jae Wook
(Hankuk
University of Foreign Studies, Korea)
CONTENTS
Recently, Korean education has extended it’s
domain by diversifying it’s subjects, techniques of teaching and textual
materials in an effort to compete in the international arena, recognizing these
as important tools for the global integration of Korean society as multiracial
and multi-cultural nation, specifically in the area of foreign language study.
Especially during the past 10 years, quantitative expansion and diversification
of Korean education learners has accelerated the growth of Korean education
and, thus, the culture in whole. With this, there is a heavy push to promote
quality systemic Korean educational growth, such as diversification of official
approval of Korean proficiency and certification tests, more stringent policies
for training professional Korean language teachers and also extensive Korean
language textbook development. This paper is a summary of the present data
pertaining to the current conditions of Korean education and associated
information such as history of Korean language education, aspects of government
and private Korean language education, Korean language textbooks, Korean
proficiency tests, etc. It is aimed to help to understand the inner-workings of
Korean language education system.
Korean education
has started in the ancient Shilla Dynasty with purpose of teaching interpreter
to exchange between Korea and neighboring country China. We can assume that
there were vigorous exchange between Korea and China in Sung Dynasty and Ming
Dynasty through translation wordbook,『朝鮮館譯語』, was used by Chinese interpreter as a
textbook. In the late Joseon Dynasty, Korean education was a vigorous, target
of Japanese and there were Joseon
language textbooks to train interpreters in Japan. After the Tokyo foreign
language school was built, there were established department of Joseon language at foreign language school in
Osaka and Korean language education had started in earnest.
Korean education
in other countries other than above stated, shares it's history with the
dissemination and immigration of it's people. It started with Russia in the
late 19th century, then moved on to Europe, United states of America as well as
Taiwan, They started teaching Korean language in universities and Korean
education has grown and developed in Central Asia and Southeast Asia during the
past 10 years.
In Korea, the
Korean education system as is known today, began with foreign missionaries in
the 1950’s and the first Korean educational language institution was founded at
Yonsei University, under the name Korean Language Institute, circa 1959. Later,
more branches of the institute to teach Korean; Myondo Language Institute in
1964, Language Research Institute, Seoul National University and Education
center for overseas Koreans in 1964 (presently National Institute for
International Education and language educational institutes which started
teaching Korean for foreign speakers in 1972.) When the rule of overseas
residents has become effective in 1977, numbers of Korean language education
institution has increased such as Korean school or Hangul schools in abroad.
The growth of
Korean education its scale rapidly by the late 1980’s. As Korea had increased
its national power, it began to become noticed on the international stage, as
is evident by the securing of the bid for the 1988 Olympic Games. However, even
as it was becoming recognized on a Global scale, the domestic education system
was still limited and biased, only serving overseas Koreans, foreign
missionaries, diplomats, scholars who majored in Korean language or
professional soldiers.
Korean education
met a turning point in the 1990’s, and the educational system began to focus on
the subject of Korean language study. Korean language learners who have the
desire and drive of getting a job or entering a school has increased, as well
as the push for children of Koreans living overseas who increasingly want to
learn Korean language and Korean culture. The growth had decreased a bit in the
mid 1990s according to the IMF management System Time(1998) but it has since
recovered its speed of growth beginning in the early 2000s when awareness of
Korea became of more prominence. Particularly, successful management of the
2002 Korean-Japan World Cup and the Korean wave in East Asia, China, Japan, etc
made foreign countries take a more drastically more interested stance towards
Korean language education. As a result, Korean language institutions in Korea
has increased over sixty and Korean language learners in those institution also
has increased over 7,000 people. According to statistics in 2004, Korean
leaners overseas has also increased; approximately 30,000 people attended
Korean course at about 600 universities all over the world; approximately
10,000 students studied Korean at 30 high schools; 5,000 students studied
Korean at 27 Korean schools, 50,000 enrolled students attended Korean language
course at regular education institution. In 2009, there were 100 Korean
language departments at a four-year-course universities only in China. Besides
there are approximately 1,600 Hangul schools for about 94,000 children of
overseas Koreans and the number of grant-maintained regular & irregular
Hangul schools or 'Korean schools', 'King Sejong Institutes' and 'Korean
culture center' funded for overseas Koreans have increased continuously. In
addition to this, number of students who take Korean course in China or Japan
also increased rapidly, although there was no exact data about it. Rapid growth
of Korean education meant that range of Korean learner has enlarged. In the
early stages, it can be said that diplomats, foreign missionaries or overseas
Koreans studied Korean language for their own interest of Korea or living in
Korea. After 2000s, learners has expended to international students, marriage
migrant women and global IT enterprises workers who learn Korean to help with
their career.
Various Korean
learner s as follows;
Number
|
Target
|
Specialty/learning purpose
|
General Korean language
students
|
There are lots of
short-time course learners for getting a job, hobby and socializing.
|
|
Learners, associating with
their job
|
Foreign missionaries,
diplomats, soldiers, resident employee for developing their job capacity
|
|
Students, taking Korean
courses at universities and graduate schools abroad.
|
Students who major in
Korean Studies abroad. Mainly scholarship students, exchange students for
entering a school or researching Korea.
|
|
Students, learning Korean
as a second language in middle or high schools.
|
With Japan and the United
States as the center, students prefer short time course as a second language
and work-study.
|
|
Group of overseas adoptee
|
With overseas adoptees in
1960~1980s as the center, their goal, mainly,
is for securing identity.
|
|
Foreign industrial
trainees
|
Foreign industrial trainee
study Korean for getting a job or settling in Korea either abroad or in NGO
institutes in Korea.
|
|
Overseas Koreans
|
Overseas Koreans leaners
are mainly in Russia, China and the United States, they are 1.5~3 generation
of immigration and almost all of them study in irregular educational
institutions in their local towns.
|
|
Marriage migrant women and
their children
|
Marriage migrant women are
spread through Korea, their purpose of learning is for settlement in Korea.
They need to learn social and cultural study. They are urgent target aspect
of infant care and education beside food, clothing and shelter.
|
|
Settlement immigrant
workers
|
This group settles in
industrial complexes of the city industrial facilities and in farm areas.
They have became member of society. Their learning purpose is to settlement
in Korea and performance of working. They had drifted apart from same systems
as foreign industrial trainees for getting a job and formed their own group.
Especially, their families are composed of foreigners and there are no
structural system for them yet in Korea.
|
There are five
reasons to explain about growth of Korean education for foreigners; First, the
need of talented people who associated Korea has increased with Korean wave not
only in China and Japan but also in East asian. Secondly, thorough economy
development of Korea, international reputation of Korea has increased. Thirdly,
as an article shows about SAT in the United States in 2007, choice of Korean
language in tests exceed two times than Japanese, and Korean language ranked
fourth among nine foreign languages. During the past ten years, as the
mainstream of overseas Koreans has changed from first generation or 1.5
generation to second and third generation, the number of Korean learners have
increased also. Fourthly, there has been a sudden increase of Chinese
international students due to difficulty in entering Chinese universities.
Chinese who have money to spare and want to study abroad are increasing. This
is closely related with university admission policy in China, it seems that
Chinese international students keep increasing until a reformation of policy of
university admission in China will finish. Lastly, marriage migrant women and
immigrant workers have increased. Theses spreading rate and increasing interest
of Korean language education, we can assume by the internal and external scale
of Korean education growth.
Korean language
education institutions in Korea can be divided as follows;
government-affiliated organizations, Korean language institutes in
universities, private Korean language institutes and non-profit
organization. Korean language education
institution abroad, it can be said are universities and research center for
teaching Korean to foreigners or studying Korean.
3.1.
Government-affiliated organizations
[1] The National
Institute for International Education(Former National Institute for International
Education Development www.niied.go.kr)
The National
Institute for International Education(NIIED) is representative institution of
government-affiliated organizations. NIIED changed it's name from National
Institute for International Education Development, with the aim to 'develop and
foster human resources in the age of globalization and achievement' from July,
2008. It is related to international education cooperation, affiliated with the
Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. It is the only institution that
singles out Korean learners directly and teach them, distinct from other
government-affiliated organizations. It began to guide overseas Korean Japanese
students at Seoul National University in 1962. It opened Education center for
overseas Korean affiliated to Seoul National University in 1977. It recognized
as National Institute for International Education Development in 1992. It
changed its name as National Institute for International Education in 2008. The
NIIED functions as an educator for overseas Koreans; international exchange and
cooperation in education and supporting foreign students to study in Korea.
Education for overseas Koreans divides long-term programs and short-terms
programs with local training service for Korean teachers abroad and
distribution of textbooks for overseas Koreans. Also, NIIED runs Korean
language study on the Internet(KOSNET, kosnet.go.kr) and publishes Education
in Korea.
[2] Korea
Foundation (www.kf.or.kr)
Korea Foundation
was established as affiliated-Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade organization in 1991. The mission of The
Korea Foundation is to promote better understanding of Korea within the
international community and to increase friendship and goodwill between Korea
and the rest of the world through various exchange programs. A brief history of
2008 as follows; supported Korea study and set up position of Korean language
professors at 18 universities in the United States, Canada and other overseas;
built up Korean Studies and hired Korean language teachers at 29 universities
in 24 countries including Guatemala, Argentina, etc.; dispatched Korean Studies
and Korean language professors at 47 universities in 26 countries including
Canada, Germany, etc.; established Korean Studies center in 19 countries,
opened workshop forum and publishment; established policy research center,
associated with Korean Studies in 7 countries. Besides this, there are
supporting databases for introduction of Korea project, targeting 94 countries
and providing research data of Korea to about 45 countries. The website 'Click
Korea', run by Korea foundation, introduces Korean Studie s in Korea and
abroad, Korean study books, and Korean art. Particularly, information about universities
majoring in Korean Studies and Korean study centers abroad can be found easily.
There are also Korean cultural information and society lectures online.
[3] Overseas
Koreans Foundation (www.okf.or.kr)
Overseas Korean
foundation is a Ministry of Foreign Affairs affiliated organization,
established to manage overseas Koreans project in 1977. The purpose of overseas
Koreans Foundation is for maintain national fellowship and support to live as a
model in their resident country.
Overseas Koreans
Foundation has projects about Korean education; support operating expenses for
overseas Koreans Hangul school and Korean teacher training; invitation training
for education leaders as overseas Koreans and Korean teachers in CIS area;
support teaching aid for Hangul schools; scholarship project for overseas
Koreans; standard curriculum for overseas Koreans Hangul school and design
Korean education contents and support ethnic school in China. Especially, there
are 'Study Korean' web site for online Korean education.
[4] The National Institute of the Korean Language
(www.korean.go.kr)
The National
Institute of the Korean Language is a Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism
affiliated organization. This institute selected popularization of Korean
language overseas as a main project
after 2006. This organization has implemented development of Korean language
textbooks and examinations for the Korean teachers qualification since 2006.
Also, the National Institute of the Korean Language has been run 'King Sejong
Institute' since 2007.
[5] Korea
Institute of Curriculum & Evaluation (www.kice.re.kr)
Korea Institute
of Curriculum & Evaluation(KICE) abolished National Board of Educational
Evaluation in 1994 and became a non-government organization, however it was
established by a government-supported in 1997. The KICE was established for as
follows; research and development of elementary, middle and high school
curriculum, developed teaching-learning method, textbooks and improved
all sort of evaluation in elementary, middle and high school. KICE has
implemented Test of Proficiency in Korean(TOPIK) since 1999, contributed
development of Korean education. TOPIK is carried out 61 areas in 24 countries,
2 times per year, from 2,275 examinees in 1997 to 30,259 examinees in 2006.
From 2011, the National Institute for International Education conducts TOPIK.
[6] Korean
Globalization Organization (www.glokorean.org)
Korean
Globalization Organization is a Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism
affiliated foundation, is established for popularization of Korean language
through the world in 2011. This Organization has performed Korean language
study and popularize Korean language project since 1988, it performs various
project for Korean learners in internal and external. For example; the
development of textbook and dictionary for popularization of Korean, education
and training for Korean teacher, implementation of Korean language education
proficiency test, Korean education for marriage migrants and foreign workers
and the establishment digital hangul museum, etc. This organization has been
appointed as an Employment Permit System Korean language Test(EPS-KLT)
organization with the Korean language Society since 2005, implemented test over
three times per year. In online 'Korean class' has been providing elementary
and intermediate Korean courses and information about training Korean teachers
in domestically.
[7] Korean
International Cooperation Agency (www.koica.go.kr)
Korean
International Cooperation Agency (KOICA)is a Ministry of Foreign Affairs
affiliated organization, established in 1991. KOICA's mainly responsibility is
to introduce Korea to developing
countries; including inviting industrial trainee project, dispatch experts
project(specialist, doctor, taekwondo master, etc), dispatch overseas
volunteers project(including international co-operation worker. 50 kinds of
area of childhood education, computer, Korean education, etc), development
research project, provision supplies project,
support NGO project and support Iraq and Afghanistan project.
[8] Korean
International Labour Foundation (www.koilaf.org)
Korean
International Labour Foundation is non-profit corporate body, established for
enforce cooperation between Korea and international society in November, 1997.
Mainly, Korean International Labour Foundation conducts project, international
exchange in Labour and education and support for foreign workers. This
foundation has educated Korean language
and work for foreign workers like Vietnamese, Mongolia, Thailand and Chinese
through employment permission since 2004, 20 hours per week and published
Korean language textbook for foreign worker also.
[9] Korean
Migrant's Center (migrantok.org)
Korea Migrant's
Center opened in 2004, for the human rights and welfare of foreign labours in
Korea to provide diverse education and cultural program. Primary duties are
counsel, education, event and medical treatment for foreign labours. Beside it,
this center provides Korean education for foreign workers and marriage migrants
2 semesters(40 weeks) per year.
[10] The Center
for Information on Korean Culture (www.ikorea.ac.kr)
The Center for
Information on Korean Culture is belong to the academy of Korean Studies,
affiliated-ministry of Education, Science and Technology. It was established to
spread Korean history and Culture to the people in the world in 2003. The
supporting project of Korean Studies abroad, it was conducted by Korea Research
Foundation from 1982 to 2005 but this
project has passed to the Center for Information on Korean Culture since 2006.
Main project are as follows; support dispatched professor, support studies,
support academic journal publishment, support publishment and encourage
researcher.
3.2. Korean
language institutes in universities
There are Korean
language institutes at universities in Korea; Korean Language Institute, Yonsei
University since 1959, Language Education Institute Seoul National University
since 1969, Korean language & Culture Center, Korea University since 1986,
Ewha womans university language center since 1988, Korean language Institute,
Sunmoon University since 1989, Center for Korean Studies, Sogang University
since 1990, Center for Korean language and Studies, Hankuk University of
Foreign Studies since 1992, International education center, Kyunghee University
since 1993. According to data from Korean language globalization foundation,
there are 82 Korean language centers at about 82 universities, approximately
70% of universities in Korea has attended Korean education.
3.3. Private
Korean language institutes
The first
private Korean language institute was Myungdowon, established in 1964. The
target students of Myungdowon were foreign missionaries. However, this center
closed after mid of 1970's. At present, only textbooks are left, published from
Myungdowon. After this, foundation language center started to teach Korean for
diplomat and resident employee. Recently, there are about 10 private Korean
language institutes in Korea; Ganada Korean institute, Si-sa English center,
Seoul Korean Academy, Korean language education culture center, Korea herald,
etc.
3.4. Nonprofit
organization
The Korean education
of Nonprofit Organization(NGO) or volunteer groups teach Korean to foreigners,
especially foreign workers who can't study Korean language systematic. YMCA has
run Korean education program since 1988, YMCA in Daegu and Cheongju are very
active for this program. Above this, volunteers organization such as
International House(ih.or.kr) & World village (cafe.daum.net/worldvill) run
volunteer program to popularize Korean language and Korean culture to foreign
language users. Recently, there are many Korean education program for marriage
migrants and foreign workers.
'Korea Foreign
workers support center' and 'Seoul foreign labour center' provides Korean
education, computer, taekwondo, law training, and safety program.
3.5. Korean
language institution in overseas
Korean language
institutions in overseas started when universities built up Korean Studies and
department of Korean language or Korean language course. From 1977, law of
education overseas Koreans implemented, Korean schools level of elementary, middle
and high schools and Hangul schools, conducted by private organization and
religion group start increasing its number. On the other hand, the scale of
Korean education in university has increased rapidly since 1980s; In the United
States, Korean language course were 11 universities till mid 1970s; 25
universities in 1990 and 140 universities in 2005 ; In Japan, 47 universities
taught Korean language till mid 1908s; 335 universities in late of 2005; In
China, three universities in 1990; 100 universities in 2009; In Russia, from 5
universities to 42 universities.
In Bulgaria,
Sofia University established major of Korean Studies at department of East Asia
Studies in 1995. At present, 40 students are major in Korean language and
Korean studies. The classes are including Korean language, Korean literature,
Korean history and Korean language studies. Sofia University performs very
important role on the Korean Studies program.
In Korean language course, students can study modern Korean colloquial
style and literary style, and teach-study through Korean satellite broadcasting
'Arirang'. Every year, Sophia University holds Korean Studies conference as
nationwide scale, publishes Korean Studies research books and holds Korean
Studies symposium. Also, Korean Studies Center was established by KOICA in
2003, has conducted as center institution of Korean Studies in Southeast
Europe. We can assume the reputation of Korean language in Bulgaria that
private high school Banker in Sophia has selected Korean language as an elective
course since 1988.
With growth and
development of Korean language education, textbook has developed also with lots
of changes. Korean language textbooks developed variously as compilation time,
purpose, target and author. The diversity of Korean language textbook can be
assumed by categories, as Park Young-soon(2003:171) suggested as follows;
(1) a. Section: Conversation, listening,
reading, writing, speaking-listening, reading-writing, grammar, culture and vocabulary
b. Region: Korea, Japan, China, North America,
Australia, Europe, Russia, and Uzbekistan
c.
Nationality: Korean, foreigner and other
d.
Level: Elementary 1·2, intermediate 1·2, advanced 1·2,
the highest, and major in Korean Studies
e. Function:
Teaching-learning in classroom, independent study, teacher, and internet
f.
Status: Main textbook, auxiliary
textbook, evaluation, and workbook
g. Purpose: For travel, cultural studies, special
purpose(the press, diplomacy, trade, the military, etc), children, middle & high school students, university,
major in Korean and Korean teachers
h.
Language: English, Chinese,
Japanese, French, Germany, Russian, etc.
The number of
institutions has developed task-centered and function integration textbooks
with applying theory of Korean education as a foreign language and change of
teaching-learning method. Also, as various needs of learners has increased, for
example, academic purpose, and practical purpose for industrial workers. Therefore,
there are developing textbooks for various learners. Lately, Korean culture has
been on the rise, so there are many attempts to introduce Korean culture in
textbooks and Korean classes. Also, there are an active development of online
textbook, multimedia textbook ,and many institution or organization run Korean
language education website. This development leads to extend area of Korean
education. In this aspect, present condition and specialty of Korean language
textbook are as follows; First, as rapid increase of Korean education
institution, each education institution started to publish their own Korean
language textbook. Secondly, Korean language textbook has developed diversely
as study motivation of learners became various. Thirdly, textbook with Korean culture as a
center has been published as increase of interest and importance toward Korean
education.
4.1. Textbooks
for foreigners
After 1990's,
Korean education textbook can be divided to integration function
textbook, conversation textbook, reading textbook, listening textbook,
writing textbook and grammar textbook. The levels of textbook are commonly
consist of 6 levels and it is interesting composition of unit as function
integration and task-centered. ALSO, conversation textbook, reading textbook,
listening textbook, writing textbook and grammar textbook has developed.
In North
America, 15 kinds of textbooks are published by Korean Language Education and
Research Center(KLEAR) around professor Son Ho-min at University of Hawaii, are
most representative. There are many Korean conversation books in Japan.
Especially in Japan, there are many people who want to learn Korean, as Korean
drama and movie became popular. For these learners, textbooks are developed
using Korean drama. Textbooks were developed in Taiwan and China not only
various kinds of textbook for universities but also simple practical
conversation textbooks. Besides, many textbooks were developed in Russia,
Poland and Bulgaria. Conversation Korean, Reading textbook for independence
study, grammar textbook and dictionary were developed in Russia, most of
reading textbooks are consisted of translation and memorized-centered.
Meanwhile,
textbooks for Asian countries learners has been developed, typical textbooks
are developed by the National Institute of the Korean Language and hand out to
King Sejong Institute, Korea Cultural Center, and Multi-culture family support
center in Korea.
4.2. Textbooks
for Korean nationals abroad
There are
integration function textbook and conversation textbook for overseas Koreans as
like for foreigners, designed as grade or 6 levels.
4.3. Textbooks
for foreign workers and marriage migrant women
From 21th
century, it started to develop textbooks for foreign workers and marriage
migrant women. Recently, many institutions support Korean education to marriage
migrant women through online. Ministry of Gender Equality and Family has developed Korean language textbooks with
elementary, intermediate, and advanced levels since 2004 and the textbooks are
translated into 4 Asian languages so that learners can study independently with
the textbook.
4.4. Using Internet textbooks
Increasing of
internet users makes to build up grammar textbook and dictionary of Korean
language education into multimedia textbook or internet web sites. Korean
Education websites are provided by government, universities, private
institutes, and personal; KOSNET, run by National Institute for
International Education Development; hangul and basic Korean expression,
run by the Korea Tourist Service, Inc; Study
Korean by Overseas Koreans foundation.
Korean education
websites are free to use, run by government organization, and universities,
however, websites are not free, run by institution or personal.
The Korean
education website of Monash UniverisIty is famous. Tthis site provides
information about Korean language course at Monash University and Korean education
contents.
The purpose and
target of main Korean language education websites are as follows;
Web site
|
language
|
Goal
|
Target
|
KOSNET
(The National Institute of
the Korean Language)
|
English
Japanese
Chinese
Spanish
|
-Providing overseas Korean educational
institution network for overseas Koreans
-Providing VOD of Korean
culture to understand Korean culture
|
Overseas Koreans/Foreigners
elementary level learners
of infants, children and adults
|
Study
Korean
(Overseas Koreans
Foundation)
|
English
Chinese
Japanese
Russian
|
-Inducing interest to learners about Korean
society and cultures, based on learners' various activities.
|
- Teenager of overseas Koreans
|
Korea
Globalization organization
Nuri King Sejong Institute
|
English
Chinese
Mongolia
Vietnamese
Tagalog
|
-This site is run by Korean
globalization organization, providing elementary level of Korean contents
with speaking, listening, reading and writing.
- Presenting various
assignment
|
- Overseas Koreans/Foreigner
- Elementary and intermediate level learners
|
Let's learn
Korean
(KBS
Radio)
|
English/Germany
French
Spanish
Arabian
Russian
Indonesian
Chinese/
Japanese
|
- Providing various
languages
-Providing mainly Korean
conversation contents; ‘Understanding
the Korean Language’ and ‘Useful Conversation’
|
- Overseas
Koreans/Foreigners
- Elementary level learners
|
Korean
Studies at Sogang
|
English
|
- Introducing Korean politic, economy and
culture to understand Korea.
|
- Overseas Koreans/Foreigner
- Elementary, intermediate and advanced level
learners
|
The policy of
Korean language education has been carried out since 1990s. From 2000, the
issue of foreign workers and multi-culture families have drawn interest and
range of policy became to extend.
The policies of
government departments-Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Ministry of
Education, Science and Technology & Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade,
Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Labor, Ministry of Health and Welfare conduct
Korean education project. The present condition of Korean education- are as
follows;
[1] Ministry of
Culture, Sports and Tourism
Ministry of
Culture, Sports and Tourism is main government division to conduct many Korean education projects, the Ministry
has started Korean education projects since 1990. It had started from
publishment Korean textbooks with many languages. From 2000, as budget for
Korean education had increased, the number of Korean education projects
expended drastically. Also, the ministry prepared legal basis, it is Korean language organic law. In article 19 of
Korean language organic law, it is defined that
Korean education is duty of government, and grant Korean teachers
qualification is task of Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism.
The Presidential
Council on National Branding announced 10-point projects on March 17, 2009. One
of the projects is 'The expansion of Korean language popularization'. To
conduct this project, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism with related
government departments are carrying out build up 'King Sejong Institute' to
cope with increasing needs of Korean language study for foreigners. Korea has
decided to integrated Korean language popularization project and educational
system, as many foreign countries promote their national brand with their
languages and cultural popularization. Through this, name of Hangul school,
Korea education center, Korea cultural center will change to 'King Sejong
Institute' and integrate all these institutions to expend King Sejong Institute
all over the world. Also, building up U-King Sejong internet site to link all
related sites and integrate textbook education contents in the future. Later,
the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism will build up Korean e-learning
integration system.
[2] Ministry of
Education, Science and Technology & Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade
The policy of
Korean language education can be said that it started first for overseas
Koreans. The rule about education for overseas Korean was established in 1997,
it leaded to expand education facilities
such as Korean schools and Hangul schools which related to education for
overseas residents in these days.
Marriage
migrants women has increased and their children has started to entering
schools. It occurred problem to educate children multi-cultural family. To
solve this problem, the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology has
conducted project about children education for multi-culture family. Also, the
Ministry of Education, Science and Technology has taken charge in TOPIK since
1997. The range of tests are vocabulary & grammar, writing, listening and
reading, rating is from level 1 to 6. Above this, the Ministry of Education,
Science and Technology has projects about supporting selection Korean language
course at elementary, middle and high schools in overseas and Korean Studies.
The project of supporting Korean Studies is also conducted by Ministry of
Foreign Affairs and Trade with overseas Koreans foundation, Korea international
exchange foundation and KOICA.
[3] Ministry of
Justice
Ministry of
Justice has run Korean Immigration and Integration Program as a model
operation since 2009. The KIIP is system
for providing convenience on getting Korean nationality to immigrants who
completed this standard course. As multi-culture society integration program,
it defines to complete 400 hours Korean education course and 20 hours
understanding multi-culture course.
[4] Ministry of
Labor
Foreign workers
has flowed in korea since November 1991, as industrial technology training
system implemented. However, this system occurred problems, it had changed to
Employment Permission System since Aug 2004. According to this system, foreign
workers must pass EPS-KLT.
[5] Ministry of
Health and Welfare
Recently, interest of multi-cultural family
has increased in Korean society. The Ministry of Health, Welfare and Family
Affairs runs multi-cultural family support centers to help multi-cultural
family for adjusting society.
As Korean
education has spreaded since 2000, new need of learners has been on the rise.
Korean education became to need special purpose Korean proficiency in study,
work, and life. New needs of Korean education is classified as 'Special purpose
Korean education’; As each purpose of learning. there are purpose for work and
purpose for study; as target, education for overseas Koreans, children of
marriage migrants, foreign workers and parachute kids. An active discussion
about the issue is in progress.
Also, Korean
educations has been studied in various field such as each language and region,
matched to specialty of Korean learners.
Jin Ho Kim(2008),
The Present Status and Improvement of Korean Language Education -Focused on
universities and the government agency, Korean Language Research, Vol.- No.23,
Korean Language Research Circle
Min Hyun-sik
(2008), The Present Statue and Improvment of Special purpose Korean Language
Education Ⅱ, 18th International conferences, The
International Association for Korean Language Education.
Park
Seok-jun(2010), A study on Korean teaching data building for academic purpose
learners -Focus on vocabulary data building way-, Vol. 35, Korean education as
a foreign language, Korean Language Institute, Yonsei University
Young Soon
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Internet sites
Overseas Koreans foundation,
www.okf.or.kr
Korean net, www.korean.net
1. Korean education in Bulgaria
1.1. The history of Korean education
○ March 1992, established Korean language course at ancient &
modern language & literature college and center for oriental language and
literature
○ Oct 1995, established major
of Korean language and first Korean Studies in Balkan area
1.2. Korean education at Sophia University
○ 4 year undergraduate course, 1 year and half for master degree
course
○ Published over forty books such as textbook, dictionary, collection
of dissertations and translated literatures by professors belongs to major in
Korean Studies to popularize through Bulgaria.
○ 4 year undergraduate course curriculum: 1) practical Korean, 2)
Korean language studies, 3) Korean literature, 4) Korean regional
studies(culture, history, economy)
○ Focuses on practical Korean
2. Rumania
2.1. The history of Korean education
○ 1996, established Korean language course at Bucureşti University
○ 1996, established Korean language course at University of Craiova
and Cluj napoca University
○ 2002, dispatched Korean language instructor from Atheneum
○ 2003~2004, stopped dispatching Korean language instructor from
Atheneum and canseled Korean language course at University of Craiova and Cluj
napoca University
○ 2004, Reopened dispatching Korean language instructor from Atheneum
to Bucureşti
University
○ 2005, Raised Korean language course to minor in Korean at Bucureşti University(Ph D, Hwang Jeong Nam, teacher of Diana Yuksel)
2.2. Korean education at Bucureşti University
○ Run elementary, intermediate and advanced level, 2 hours per week,
20 students.
○ Textbook: 『Pathfinder in Korean』, Ewha womans university language center
『Korean Grammar for
International Learners』, Yonsei university.
○ Major in English, Minor in Korean
3. Serbia -Montenegro
○ Sept, 1999, established Korean language course at department of
oriental studies, language & literature college, at Beograd university(an
elective course)
○ Korean language course at Beograd universityTextbook: 『Korean 1』, 『Korean 2』, Language Education Institute at Seoul National University
Source:
Choi Gwon jin(2005)
○ Total numbers of overseas Koreans in the world: 7,200,000 people
(From 2011~2011, increase average 4.4% compare to last year)
○ Total numbers of overseas Koreans in Europe: About 650,000 people
Source:
Overseas Koreans Foundation (www.okf.or.kr)
Korean Association 146
Hangul School 112
Newspaper 26
Social club 11
Medicine/health 6
NGO organization 1
Association 12
Broadcast 7
Economy/Enterprise 200
Culture 31
Religion 80
Education 9
Sports 20
Science/IT 7
Women 7
Society/Welfare 10
Adoptee 13
Student/Young men/Old men Association
32
Food 8
Other 45
Total 783
Source:
Korean net(www.korean.net)
Greece
Greece
Greece
Greece
Greece
Greece
Greece
Greece
Rumania
Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Albania
Albania
Albania
Albania
Country
|
Field
|
The name of
organization
|
Head
|
Greece
|
Hangul
School
|
Athene
Hangul test
|
Lee
Hyun-ok
|
| Other |
Management
test
|
||
| Economy/Enterprise |
Oriental
Center
|
Han
Jong-yeop
|
|
| Economy/Enterprise |
d'ORIGINE
CO., LTD.
|
Nam
Jeong-ja
|
|
| Economy/Enterprise |
D'ORIGINE
CO., LTD.
|
Nam
Jeong-ja
|
|
| Economy/Enterprise |
Greek
Korean Travel Community
|
Ahn
Jae-hyeong
|
|
| Economy/Enterprise |
The
Korean Guide Association)
|
Cho
Dong-gyu
|
|
| Women |
Greek
Korean Women's Society
|
Baek
Yeong Hee
|
|
| Korean
Association |
THE
KOREAN ASSOCIATION OF GREECE)
|
Ahn
Hun-ki
|
|
Rumania
|
Hangul
School
|
Korean
resident in Romania Hangul School
|
Hong
Soo-jeong
|
| Korean
Association |
KOREAN
ASSOCIATION OF ROMANIA
|
Kim
Yoo-myung
|
|
Bulgaria
|
Hangul
School
|
Sofia
hangul school
|
Kim
Kyong-jak
|
| Korean
Association |
KOREAN
ASSOCIATION IN BULGARIA
|
리디아클바르트
|
|
| Religion |
The
Korean Presbyterian Church in Sofia
|
Kang
Taeki
|
|
Albania
|
Hangul
School
|
Albania
hanal school
|
Lee
Rae-shin
|
| Economy/Enterprise |
nurine)
|
||
| Broadcast |
Aljako
Sh P.K
|
Song
Byeong-tak
|
|
| Korean
Association |
KOREAN
COMMUNITY IN ALBANIA)
|
Kim
Jong-ki
|
|
| Economy/Enterprise |
nurine
|
Park
Dae-pyo
|
Source:
Korean net(www.korean.net)
[1] This research is supported by the 2011 research grant from
the Academy of Korean Studies, Korea (Overseas Korean Studies Incubation Program, AKS-2010-ANC-3102).
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